Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Repealing the Jones Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Repealing the Jones Act - Research Paper Example This historical act can be found in Section 27 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920. The act professed that goods & passengers transported by water between US ports must be done in US made ships, owned by US populace & crewed by US citizens. The Jones Act also provided sailors with supplementary rights, including the facility to look for reparation from the crew, captain, or ship owner in the case of an injury. The Jones Act generally deals with ‘cabotage’ (i.e. coastal shipping) & requires that all goods transported by water amid US ports be carried in US flag ships, constructed in the united states, owned by US populace , crewed by US people & US permanent inhabitants. This unique act was framed with the purpose of sustaining the US merchant marine industry, but agricultural welfare by and large opposed it for the reason that, they contended it raised the expenditure of shipping their commodities, making them less competitive against foreign sources. The great Gulf oil spill raised serious questions on the implications of this draconian act. The oil which had been squandering & demolishing aqua habitat could not be stopped for the sole reason of the legal bindings of this law. The US alone never possessed the arsenal of cleaning up this catastrophic mess. Yet, it remained reluctant when foreign nations repeatedly suggested utilizing their ships to meet this disaster. Thus, 2 010 witnessed this cruel drama while the endangered ecological equilibrium slowly drifted into the abyss of oblivion. This implied that foreign owned, built, & manned vessels could not assist in the oil spill cleanup mess unless of course President Barrack Hussein Obama waived or altered the Jones act. During the Katrina storms, the former president Bush decided to waive the laws of Jones act as a requirement of national emergency. But Obama opted to remain frigid & witness the blunders rather than becoming pro active & deciding according to the needs of the hour.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Definition Of Biomimicry

The Definition Of Biomimicry Product design inspired by nature simply means that designers look to the nature for answer when they were in process of designing it. The action of copying from nature is called biomimicry. Biomimicry is not an entirely new idea to humans. The hook and loop fasterner or known as Velcro was invented in 1948 based on the bur plants. Biomimicry is important in product design because nature has the best solution whenever we came to a design problem. For example, for the wind resistance problem faced by Japanese bullet train, the front nose was remodelled to look like a kingfishers beak. Biomimicry design spiral is a kind of tool that takes us through the process of identify, translate, observe, abstract, apply and evaluate before a design is being developed. There are many inventions in this world that were inspired by the nature. Flying squirrel wingsuit, formula one car, sharkskin swimsuit and drag-reduced propeller are the best examples. The nature is and will always be our mentor in product design. Therfore, it is our responsibility to preserve and protect the nature we have today. Definition of biomimicry Biomimicry is a discipline that studies our natures ideas, models and processes to take inspirations from to solve the design problems faced by humans. In the words of biomimicry, bios means life while mimesis means to mimic. Therefore, biomimicry simply means to imitate from nature. Biomimicry is not a new idea. Humans have always been turning to the nature to look for any answer to solve both complex and simple problems. Humans take the nature as their mentor and model. This is because the animals and plants found on the Earth nowadays have survived for ages. They have gone through several stages of evolution and changes in order to survive in this planet. Therefore, their body structure and functionality are worth copying for. For example, without birds the Wright brothers will not be inspired to build an airplane that turns out to be one of the greatest invention of all time. In addition, Eiji Nakatsu, a railway engineer remodelled the front nose design of the bullet train in Jap an which will reduce air resistance and uses 15% less electricity. He took the idea from the shape of the beak of kingfishers. The significance of biomimicry in product design There are thousands of products being designed in every single day. What really matter is, do the products have the ability to cope with the environment and perform well. Humans are not brilliant in every way, sometimes we do need some help from the nature. Some of the flora and fauna had been on Earth long before the existence of human race. They are full of experience in coping with the nature in order to survive. Therefore, designers always mimic the design of some animals and plants. The product designs nowadays have become more and more sophisticated. Designers are hoping to decrease any possibility of disaster and waste of energy. This is where biomimicry will come in handy. The existence of biomimicry provides a rough idea to the designers of what the nature would probably do to solve problems faced. Therefore, the designers can make amendments to their designs to avoid any unwanted errors. Hence, it cannot be denied that biomimicry is playing an important role in product desi gn. Biomimicry design spiral http://juliangaviriasanchez.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/biomimicry-design-spiral.jpg Biomimicry design spiral is a tool that scientists created that uses our nature as our mentor and role model to solve any complex and simple problems faced while in the creation of any products. Identify: Instead of asking ourselves what we want to design, we need to identify what we want our designs to do for us. If not, we probably ended up designing something which is only an updated version of current existing products. Translate: Take the natures perspective into consideration. We need to know how nature carries out a certain function to tackle problem it faced. Observe: Consults biologist or natural experts. Take their advices into consideration before we begin to develop something new. Abstract: Find out the relationship between the nature and the product. We need to know whether the product can adapt to the environment where it meant to be once developed. Apply: Apply all the knowledge and studies that had been made into the development of product. Designs a product based on the research. Evaluate: Find out how does the design performs in nature. Can the design adapt to the environment? Biomimicry applications in products design Animals Falcon birds Peregrine falcons are one of the species of falcons and a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. The Peregrine falcon is renowned for its speed, reaching over 322km/h during its characteristic hunting stoop (high speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a National Geographic program, the highest measured speed of a Peregrine Falcon is even up to 389 km/h. Hence, engineers have studied the body shape of the birds and implement it into the design of Formula 1 racing cars. A Formula 1 car is a single-seat, open cockpit, open-wheel racing car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind the driver. Aerodynamics of the car play a vital role in determining the speed, safety and drag produced. Therefore, the aerodynamic designer has two primary concerns which is the creation of downforce to push the car onto the track, improve cornering forces and minimising the drag that slow the car down. So, the front nose of a For mula 1 racing car is inspired by the shape of the head of Peregrine falcon. The head of the birds is in streamlined shape which will reduce the drag produced when flying at high speed. Therefore, designers design the front nose of the racing cars to mimic the head of the birds which used to channel air flow to the back of the car. Hence, drag is reduced and the downforce is increased. Racing cars can be driven to a higher speed. Flying squirrel Flying squirrels are one of the 44 species of squirrels in the family of Sciuridae. Flying squirrels do not have wings and are not capable of powered flight like birds or bats. The loose folds of skin between the front and hind legs of these squirrels enable them to fly from trees to trees but what they actually do is glide through the air on the stretched surface of this loose skin. The direction and speed of the animal in midair is varied by changing the positions of its two arms and legs, largely controlled by small cartilaginous wrist bones. Therefore, man has used the body structure of the flying squirrel and created the flying squirrel suit. Modern wingsuit are equipped with fabric attached between the legs and under the arms which will add surface area to the human body to enable a significant increase in lift. A wingsuit flight normally ends with a parachute opening. So a wingsuit can safely be flown from any point that provides sufficient altitude for flight and parachute de ployment. Sharks Sharks, also known as the natures great predator are a group of carnivorous ocean going fish with 368 different species in a total of 30 families. Some species of shark, such as the great white, are infamous among humans because they have been involved in attacks resulting in severe injury and sometimes death. Most sharks have streamlined bodies designed for moving efficiently through the water. Many species have a projecting dorsal fin, and all have split caudal or rear fins. The shark can move very rapidly in search of prey. The shortfin mako shark, the fastest shark and one of the fastest fish, can burst at speeds up to 50 km/h. The reasons why sharks can swim fast in water are closely related to its skin. Seen under an electron microscope, sharkskin is made up of countless overlapping scales called dermal denticles. The denticles have grooves running down their length in alignment with water flow. These grooves disrupt the formation of eddies, or turbulent swirls of slower water and make the water to pass by faster. Therefore, the scientists replicate the dermal denticles and apply it on the racing swimsuit. Speedos Fastskin line of high-tech, high-performance swimsuits were inspired by the shark skins sandpaper-like texture is thought to reduce drag, hence its usefulness in swimming gear. Plants Bur A bur is a seed or dry fruit in which the seeds bear hooks or teeth which attach themselves to the fur of passing animals or the clothing of people. The hooks or teeth are irritants and quite hard to remove from clothing, such as wool or cotton. The bur of burdock was the inspiration for hook and loop fastener (Velcro). Velcro was invented in 1948 by the Swiss electrical engineer George de Mestral. Hook-and-loop fasteners consist of two components which are two lineal fabric strips which are attached to the opposing surfaces to be fastened. The first component features tiny hooks while the second features even smaller and hair-like loops. When the two components are pressed together, the hooks catch in the loops and the two pieces fasten or bind temporarily. Velcro strips make a distinctive ripping sound when they are being separated. Because it is extremely easy to use, low chances of being spoilt and safe, the hook-and-loop fasteners have been used for just about every conceivable application where a temporary bond is required. It is especially popular as a shoe fastener for children who have not yet learned to tie shoelaces and for those who choose Velcro over laces. Kelp Kelps are large seaweeds belong to the brown algae in the order Laminariales. Kelp grows in underwater forests known as the kelp forests in shallow oceans. There are several Pacific species of kelp which is a very important ingredient in Chinese, Japanese and Korean cuisines. Because of its high concentration of iodine, brown kelp has been used to treat the enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine, known as goitre. Kelps have the very unique spiral shape which moves with the current rather than fighting against it. Therefore, they will not get swept away easily by rough current. This phenomenon inspired the design of drag-reduced propeller. A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust and normal seen installed at the back of vessel or boat. Propeller designed in spiral shape will has lesser drag when it spins in water. Hence, less energy is required to accelerate the water to the back of blade which in turns provides more forward thrust to the ship. Tumbleweed Tumbleweed is the above-ground part of any plants that once mature and dry or wilt. It will disengage from the root and tumble away in the wind. The tumbleweed is a norm in steppe and desert climates. The tumbleweed is a diaspore, which aids in the dispersal of seeds or spores. The tumbleweed is very light and round in shape. Therefore, it moves around and tumbles along to disperse seeds when the wind blows. Eventually, the tumbleweed comes to rest in a wet location, it opens as it absorbs water and then it dies. The characteristics of tumbleweed for being light and round in shape have inspired the NASA engineers to design a rover of the same concept. The rover is designed for any exploring missions in planet Mars. The rough terrain of Mars can be tackled using a wind-driven planetary rover. A wind-driven planetary rover design maximises drag and therefore it will be easy to manoeuvre around the planet. Conclusion Every single thing created by God in this world existed for a reason. It just that some of things are still yet to be discovered by humans. As mentioned earlier, most of the designs in this world are inspired by the nature. Humans copy the design of some animals and plants to achieve success in their design. The nature is our teacher, our mentor and our role model. We always look to nature for answer whenever we faced obstacles. Hence, through biomimicry, the relationships between humans and nature grow closer than ever before. The continued existence of the nature depends on humans and vice versa. Therefore, we must appreciate and preserve what we have right now for the sake of our latter generations.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Media Coverage of the China-Tibet Talks Essay -- Communications Politi

Media Coverage of the China-Tibet Talks For the past several decades, China has been trying to take over Tibet. During this conflict, the leaders of these two nations have been communicating with each other. Overall, talks have not been very successful, for conflicts still exist. The coverage of their communications by the media has been mixed. The level of objectivity and quality of content are not consistent. For detailed and unbiased information about China-Tibet talks, long articles from focused writers are better than reports from magazines and newspapers, which cover a wide range of news. While covering ongoing communications between China and Tibet, reporters for Newsweek in the U.S. are supposed to be as objective as possible. However, by reading the articles and reports that Newsweek present on this topic, it appears that the work is not as objective and complete as it should be. In one issue of the publication, a lengthy report about China took up a fair amount of space. One section, by Melinda Liu, relates to talks between China and Tibet, and how the U.S. acts as an intermediary contact. At first, the article talks about President Jiang Zemin and his attempts to make good relations with Tibet. The article begins, â€Å" When he visited the United States last year, President Jiang Zemin dismayed some of his own supporters with his clumsy handling of the Tibet issue† (Liu 39). Later on in the introduction, Liu says, â€Å" He compared the Chinese Army’s ‘emancipation’ of the serfs to Abraham Lincoln's abolition of slavery† (39). The rest of the article continues to bring up facts that build up against Jiang. Liu goes on to say, â€Å" As for Tibet, Jiang claims to have had ‘good relation s’ with the late Panchen Lama† (39). N... ...bias introduced since all the facts are laid out for them. Future coverage of the conflict will most likely continue in the same fashion it has been going on over the decades. Incorrect analyses will continue to occur. Nevertheless, by looking at all the reports that have been written, it appears that it will take a long time for Tibet and China to resolve their issues. Works Cited Grunfeld, A. Tom. The Making of Modern Tibet. London: Zed Books, 1987. Karmel, Solomon M. â€Å" Ethnic Tension and the Struggle for Order: China’s Policies in Tibet.† Pacific Affairs 68 (1995): 485-508. Online. JSTOR. 21 March 2005. Liu, Melinda. â€Å" Talking Past Each Other.† Newsweek 29 Jun. 1998: 39. Mirsky, Jonathan. â€Å" Beijing rules the mountains.† The Spectator 281 (1998): 24-25. Online. ProQuest. 21 March 2005. Snyder, Lisa. â€Å" China Ties.† Newsweek 20 Jul. 1998: 17.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Cyber Security Essay

President Obama has declared that the â€Å"cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation†¦ America’s economic prosperity in the 21st century will depend on cyber security.† So why is it that so many people still don’t know some of the basic ways that produce cyber threats? The purpose of this paper is to name some of the more basic cyber threats. Even though it is just the beginning to the hazards you can obtain, they are highly effective because of the number of people that still allow these kinds of breaches. First and foremost are viruses. According to cknow.com, â€Å"There were over 50,000 computer viruses in 2000 and that number was then and still is growing rapidly. Sophos, in a print ad in June 2005 claims â€Å"over 103,000 viruses.† And, Symantec, in April 2008 is reported to have claimed the number is over one million.† With so many different viruses out there, how do you know what to look for and how to protect your cyber world from viruses? Some of the most common viruses that effect people are Trojans and Net Bots. PCmag.com defines a Trojan as â€Å"A program that appears legitimate, but performs some illicit activity when it is run. It may be used to locate password information or make the system more vulnerable to future entry or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk. A Trojan is similar to a virus, except that it does not replicate itself. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allowing somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer. Trojans often sneak in attached to a free game or other utility.† To add to their definition, it can also be affixed to an email attachment or the email itself. So now that you know what it is you’re probably thinking so what can I do to protect myself from obtaining this virus? The best thing to do would be to educate yourself about this threat. Know what they look like and common websites they reside. The next thing that to do is to be sure to always have an up to date WELL KNOWN antivirus such as Sophos, McAfee, or Norton. The well known part is very important because some of the smaller antivirus companies are part of the reason there are so many Trojans out there. Once you get some antivirus software you need to be sure to keep it up to date. Also, don’t open emails from senders that you don’t recognize. Several of the Trojans out there that get circulated by email come from people opening emails from unknown senders. The next one is botnets. http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com says â€Å"A botnet (also known as a zombie army) is a number of Internet computers that, although their owners are unaware of it, have been set up to forward transmissions (including spam or viruses) to other computers on the Internet. Any such computer is referred to as a zombie – in effect, a computer â€Å"robot† or â€Å"bot† that serves the wishes of some master spam or virus originator. Most computers compromised in this way are home-based. According to a report from Russian-based Ka spersky Labs, botnets — not spam, viruses, or worms — currently pose the biggest threat to the Internet.† Trojans are the major way that you can get one of these viruses. So it is important that you again get antivirus software, keep it up to date, and don’t open emails from unknown senders. However, with this virus you can get it just from going to a questionable web site. So how do you know what ones are good and what ones are questionable? Well that you can for the most part guess using these deciding factors: Are there several java applications on the web page? Is there a lot of download able content? Are there pop up advertisements that come up on the page? Then you probably should do your best to stay away from the page. In case you are unsure, some antivirus software are now including a trusted and untrusted feature so when you search a site it will let you know if the page is safe or proceed at your own risk. If your antivirus does not have such a feature then there are some applications out there that will do the same thing just to name one would be WOT or Web of Trust. The next issue is a little more targeted to the business world. It deals more with their emails and correspondence but can also be directed to an average internet user. It is phishing. Webroot.com expounds â€Å"Email Phishing scams are carried out online by tech-savvy con artists and identity theft criminals. They use spam, fake websites constructed to look identical to a real sites, email and instant messages to trick you into divulging sensitive information, like bank account passwords and credit card numbers. Once you take the phisher’s bait, they can use the information to create fake accounts in your name, ruin your credit, and steal your money or even your identity.† This is a serious issue that takes some skill to recognize to evade taking the phisher’s bait. First and foremost is to educate yourself on phishing attacks or scams. Know what it looks like. There are many resources that you have available to you on the internet to learn how to spot a phishing attack and a legitimist email. The Department of Defense offer s a great course on how to spot a phishing email at http://iase.disa.mil/eta/phishing/Phishing/launchPage.htm. A more specific attack is whaling. Blogs.iss.net explains â€Å"The adoption of the term ‘Whaling’ within phishing is fairly new and may have been derived from the use of ‘Whales’ within gambling to refer to big-time gamblers and high rollers, but most likely come from the colloquialism for â€Å"big fish†. Regardless, Whaling describes the most focused type of phishing currently encountered by businesses or government – targeted attacks against groups of high-level executives within a single organization, or executive positions common to multiple organizations (e.g. the CTO or CFO). In a whaling attack, the phisher focuses upon a very small group of senior personnel within an organization and tries to steal their credentials – preferably through the installation of malware that provides back-door functionality and key logging. By focusing upon this small group, the phisher can invest more time in the attack and finely tune his message to achieve the highest likelihood of success. Note that these messages need not be limited to email. Some scams have relied upon regular postage systems to deliver infected media – for example, a CD supposedly containing evaluation software from a known supplier to the CIO, but containing a hidden malware installer.† So if you’re not a high level employee, you’re probably wondering how this is important to you. How phishers go about their scam is by obtaining little bits of what some would consider being harmless information from other employees about level executives and projects going on in the company. They start at the bottom to get more information at the top. So in all actuality it very much concerns everyone in the company. This leads me in to my last but important area of cyber security: insider threat. Frankly, that is you. Every employee is potentially an insider threat. So let me define it a little better with some help from searchsecurity.techtarget.com. â€Å"An insider threat is a malicious hacker (also called a cracker or a black hat) who is an employee or officer of a business, institution, or agency. The term can also apply to an outside person who poses as an employee or officer by obtaining false credentials. The cracker obtains access to the computer systems or networks of the enterprise, and then conducts activities intended to cause harm to the enterprise. Insider threats are often disgruntled employees or ex-employees who believe that the business, institution, or agency has â€Å"done them wrong† and feel justified in gaining revenge. The malicious activity usually occurs in four steps or phases. First, the cracker gains entry to the system or network. Secondly, the cracker investigates the nature of the system or network in order to learn where the vulnerable points are and where the most damage can be caused with the least effort. Thirdly, the cracker sets up a workstation from which the nefarious activity can be conducted. Finally, the actual destructive activity takes place. The damage caused by an insider threat can take many forms, including the introduction of viruses, worms, or Trojan horses; the theft of information or corporate secrets; the theft of money; the corruption or deletion of data; the altering of data to produce inconvenience or false criminal evidence; and the theft of the identities of specific individua ls in the enterprise. Protection against the insider threat involves measures similar to those recommended for Internet users, such as the use of multiple spyware scanning programs, anti-virus programs, firewalls, and a rigorous data backup and archiving routine.† It could also be an employee giving away what you would consider to be harmless information like an email address, a project you are working on at work, how many people you work with, or even where you work and the location of the building. Even with some of the best antivirus software, a stellar knowledge of phishing, and an elite cyber security system, an insider threat can penetrate that because they most the time have the credentials to log it to the system and pull resources ligitimently so it would go unnoticed. So how can you help protect you network or your company’s network from an insider threat? Simply, don’t be one. Always be sure to only give information that the other person is on the same level to receive. Secondly is to educate yourself on insider threat prevention. There is a plethora of resources to do just that. A helpful one is http://www.ussecurityawareness.org/highres/insider-threat.html. Also watch for signs of curious activity with co workers. Report any evidence or suspicions to your supervisor. So in conclusion, prevention starts with you. Buy up to date antivirus software. avoid risky sites, educate yourself on what a phishing attack looks like, know what a legitimate email is, don’t be an insider threat and educate yourself about things to look for from other co workers. Cyber security is a serious threat and is a major issue that needs to be taken seriously. It is not just something for the IT department to worry about but starts with every one making sure to take the appropriate security measures to make the cyber world more secure.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Families in the 1950’s

The 1950’s A typical 1950’s family was nothing like the ideal family in today’s generation. Back then a typical family was a mom and a dad and several children. This is nothing like the current generation, where there are pregnant 16 year olds who think its ok to get pregnant out of wedlock because they see that on television. Everyone sat down to a home cooked meal together, unlike today where both men and women go to work and so they wind up eating something quick.Shows like â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† created the perfect model of what the typical family of the 1950’s was like. When there was a conflict between a child and a parent, they sat down together and talked it out, nobody ran away or just brushed it off. Women stayed home did the chores and kept up with the house and took care of the children, while the husbands went out to work. The positive part of the 50’s was how families were actually families.They did things together like watch television, ate dinner, and just spent time with each other talking about one another’s day. Women understood what it meant to honor their husbands and discipline their children. Other than that there was more negativity to this decade. Women were not allowed to do many things such as, going to work if they could afford not to, state their opinions to their husbands, and dinner had to be on the table when their husbands arrived home and not a second later.Although the 1950’s were a more popular time then other decades, I do not think people would want to go back. Women were treated unfairly as well as minorities, and gays. I do, however, think that some aspects from that generation would be best fit in this generation. Women should still go out and work, and be treated with respect, however; there should be more structure in families, so that there are not so many broken families, and not so many children being born into corrupt families.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Sensational 1984 essays

Sensational 1984 essays George Orwells View Of Totalitarianism Through The Novel 1984 Few novels written in this generation have obtained a popularity as great as that of George Orwells 1984. George Orwells popular and powerful novel was not just a figment of his imagination, it was spawned from many experiences from childhood to early adulthood, as well as from events circa World War II. At age eight, he was shipped off to boarding school where he was the only scholarship student among aristocrats. This was Orwells first taste of dictatorship, of being helpless under the rule of an absolute power. Unlike his classmates, Orwell was unable to afford to go to Oxford or Cambridge and his grades kept him from winning any more scholarships (Scott-Kilvert, 98). Therefore, he decided to join the Imperial Police in Burma, India. He wrote of the experience, In Moulmein, in lower Burma, I was hated by large numbers of people... (Reed, 3). Orwell hated the police and everything they stood for; he often hated the people he was supposed to help. The events that took pla ce in his life and the rise of Fascism in the early 1930s made Orwell a committed anti-Fascist. Ever serious line of work he wrote as of 1936 was, whether indirectly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism. (Elements of Lit., 1057) Orwells purpose for writing 1984 dictates the major theme. He wants to warn people what can happen when the government is given too much power. He wants to show how such governments can develop, and what methods they use to keep the people they are governing in their power (Bryfonski, 1057). The party in Orwells novel is all-powerful because it is run by a group whose major purpose is to gain and keep power. They crush anybody who tries to commit an independent act. Their methods are harsh and efficient. ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Prohibition of Abortions essays

Prohibition of Abortions essays Procreation is the greatest gift we humans are all blessed with. When a womens womb is fertilized this miraculous feat is the beginning of a journey which loved ones share. The women in Canadian society today have been given a legal binding right to have the choice if they choose to abort a fetus or not. There have been many issues concerning this new right. Is right to end a life? Isnt that murder? When is a fetus considered a human being? These questions have been answered by the Supreme Court of Canada and it is proven and by law abortion is legal. Some major concerns as to why abortion should be made illegal again in Canada include: The human rights under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the moral issues that all Canadians confront, as well as their conscience; and also health reasons that consequent the actions of abortions. We as human have certain rights and freedoms with reasonable limits prescribed by the law. Under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III) of December 10, 1948; it is stated under article three: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. With this being stated many would have reason to believe, making abortion legal is taking away the unborn childs human rights. Also under article seven under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights it is stated that: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Without being given the chance to live a life many would believe making abortions legal is unjust. Just because a fetus is a premature human being we discriminate against it because it does not have characteristics of a human and because of such irra...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

APA Guidelines for Correct Form

APA Guidelines for Correct Form APA guidelines have made the documentation process much easier. Using parenthetical citations, you can quickly and easily cite the works of others, avoiding plagiarism and keeping your paper clean. These guidelines have changed since the old days of schooling, and now have been adapted to encompass all sorts of analytical papers and publications. APA Guidelines for Correct Form Perhaps you know how to create a bibliography. But times have changed, and now the correct format for citations is a bit different than you might remember. The days of footnotes and endnotes are long gone, along with pages of citations, for each instance of quotations. What the APA guidelines have done is accomplish documentation with the least amount of hassle. Without unduly interrupting your text, you can quote extensively and give proper credit to the author. In fact, if you quote a single book 56 times, you only need a simple parenthetical citation after each quotation. Then, in your list of works cited, you only need name the publication once. What Are Parenthetical Citations? Parenthetical citations are simply citations enclosed in parentheses at the close of the relevant sentence. Usually these consist of the author or editors last name, along with a page number. These make for easily inserted documentation, and are usually followed by an alphabetized list of sources at the papers end.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Application of quality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Application of quality management - Essay Example 3.2.4 Apply Actions Of Outcome (A-Act) . 15-15 Overall Process Performance (P) Evaluation ... 15-16 Suggestion To Improve PDCA . 16-16 Conclusion 17-17 Glossary 18-19 References . 20-20 Appendix - 1 . 21-23 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 1 .. 21-21 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 2 .. 22-22 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 3 .. 23-23 Appendix - 2 . 24-25 - 2.1 Standard Cell Library Design Process Flow .. 24-24 - 2.2 Standard Cell Library Characterization Process Flow .. 25-25 Introduction of Organization: Organization: Conexant Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CNXT) - INDIA Design Center (IDC - Hyderabad)). CEO: Mr. Steve Sanghi. (Former) (During project in this case study). Industry Type: Semiconductor IC Design (Product Based MNC). - Fabless (Uses TSMC, Jazz & UMC facilities for fabrication of their IC products.) Company's Products: Audio (Speakers-on-a-Chip, PC HD-Audio, PC HD-Audio Modem Combo), Video (MPEG Encoders/Codecs, Video Decoders, Demodulators, Surveillance / Security, Imaging Solutions), Fax Modems (Fax and MFP System Solutions, Digital Photo Frames, Dial-Up Access Modems), PC Dial-Up Modems (Embedded Dial-Up Modems, Broadband Access - Client Side), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions, Embedded Communications Software, Broadband Access - Central Office), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions), Passive Optical Networks (GPON & BPON). Company URL: http://conexant.com Quality Management Standards: According to ISO 9001:2000, Auditor: DNV Certified. Environmental Standards: DNV EMS Certified. Background of Department in Organization (For Present Case Study): Department Chosen: Foundation IP BU (Standard Cell IP Development) Business Unit Head & Standard Cell Library Manager: Mr. Kedar...It also demonstrates both conceptual & analytical ways to solve various flow & process related problems in a step by step manner." Company's Products: Audio (Speakers-on-a-Chip, PC HD-Audio, PC HD-Audio Modem Combo), Video (MPEG Encoders/Codecs, Video Decoders, Demodulators, Surveillance / Security, Imaging Solutions), Fax Modems (Fax and MFP System Solutions, Digital Photo Frames, Dial-Up Access Modems), PC Dial-Up Modems (Embedded Dial-Up Modems, Broadband Access - Client Side), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions, Embedded Communications Software, Broadband Access - Central Office), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions), Passive Optical Networks (GPON & BPON). Project Overview: Re-establishment of a CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) IC design library team for improvement in layout views for compliance with new 65nm Design Rules (Physical / Layout Design Rules) & DFM (Design For Manufacturability) rules to cope up with the demands of area reduction challenges & compliance of the design with manufacturing constraints of 65nm feature size & high yield assurance, targeted to TSMC fab for manufacturing. Project Technical Challenge: Technology migration from 11 track to 9 track standard height of each cell in 650 TSMC GP standard cell library.

Friday, October 18, 2019

China. Cultural background Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China. Cultural background - Essay Example They would like to have the opportunity to seek their own preferences; however, there is a lot of pressure that comes from either family or the society. As everybody knows, China has a huge population, which means it is getting harder and harder for young people to find jobs. The society offers various opportunities for young people, but there are some differences and different requirements between each social class. Unlike in the United States, people will always be respected no matter what kind of job they do or what kind of lifestyle they choose for themselves. Moreover, many great opportunities are not only offered to people who are well educated but also to those who have working experience. Companies are more focused on personal skills and working experiences more than any other thing. Education is not the only major consideration for people who want to find a job. On the contrary, professional background and the level of education is a very important condition which can put on e in different positions available in China. As a result of pursuing interests by ignoring the competition within the society, the people in China will have less choice than others. Based on some researches, the rate of employment in China increased to over 87% by 2011 (Online).

Two-Variable Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two-Variable Inequality - Essay Example Write an inequality that limits the possible number of maple rockers of each type that can be made, and graph the inequality in the first quadrant. (2). One classic maple rocking chair requires 15 board feet and this will be designated as (15 cmr) and since one modern maple rocking chair requires 12 board feet this requirement will be designated as follows (12 mmr). The totally available board feet of maple lumber is 3000 feet, therefore, an equation showing the total combination of classic maple rocking chairs and modern maple rocking chairs that could possibly be made out of this amount of materials is represented as shown in the following equation: (3). Finding intercepts of the two variables on x axis (dependent variable) and y axis (independent variable) where either of them is zero, requires substitution of either of the variables with a zero value so as to obtain the maximum possible value of the other variable. The obtained intercepts can then provide end points on the line that will help draw a line that will map out the area of possibility. The inequality line in this case will be a straight, downward sloping solid line portraying a negative gradient, and the lines slopes from left to right because the inequality is a â€Å"less than or equal to† equation (Boyd et al., 1994). The region satisfying the equation falls within the first quadrant and is restricted to the left region of the line and the x and y axes (Boyd et al., 1994). This point (75, 50) falls within the shaded region and it is a point at which the company can satisfy an order of 75 classic maple rocking chairs and 50 modern maple rocking chairs. If the company made 75 classic maple rocking chairs and 50 modern maple rocking chairs the amount of material used would have been: The point (150, 75) falls outside the equation satisfaction region and it is a point at which the company may be unable to produce the designated number of products required at this point.

Comparison between the classic lectures and the small group discussion Essay

Comparison between the classic lectures and the small group discussion for fifth -six th year students -college of medicine,Taif - Essay Example One of the recent developments found in the identification of different modes of teaching is the small group discussion technique. It has been put to practical use and has been providing some radical changes about the perspective that students had about teaching. However, there are certain dark areas about this method of teaching that are still needed to be put as questions to extract measurable answers. In order to identify whether this new approach will provide results in the long run, an analysis survey among the students is planned to take place. Based on the survey results, a decision could be brought out on whether this new method could eventually and completely replace the classic approach. This paper aims at determining those survey questions that are to be asked to the students of the Taif University. A general survey methodology which involves a comparison of two methods needs to identify pros and cons of each method and provide an accumulative result to the surveyor. Later , the surveyor could weigh the accumulated results of both the methods and can provide the results that either state which method is better or propose changes that could improve the aspects of the second coming method. Hence, it is critically important to determine the questions to be asked in the survey. The nature of the questions should be practical, argumentative and direct to the point. (Fowler 1995) Questions related with Classical Lecture method Classical Lecture Method has its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Lecture method allows for a direct and logical interpretation of the facts and procedures. They provide an opportunity for the students to directly understand the concepts and techniques that are proven over the years. (Monroe 1915) Lecture method allows students to experience the concepts as and when they hear about it, through the speech of the lecturer. It allows them to easily grasp the concepts which they would have had a hard time to understand. Lecture me thod gives an equal opportunity for all of the students to get to know about the information that is explained. As far as this method goes, all students get equal information, provided if they all are attentive.(Hghert 1981) The ability of the lecturer plays a bigger part. Analysis, comparison and examples related to the lecture topic always enhance the studying interest of the listener. In addition, with the presence of a lecturer, there is always a guiding force for the students to look forward.(Lieberman 2004) Disadvantages The ability of the lecturer could act as a disadvantage too. If the lecturer does not have good oral communication skills, then he or she may falter in sending the right message to the listeners. Most often, there is no direct involvement of the listeners in any lecture, unless requested. This often creates a passive environment and many a times the lecturers’ fail to recognize whether the listeners are mentally involved in the session or not. (Donald 2 000) Because communication in these lectures is most often in one way mode, there is high percentage of difficulty that could arise in understanding tedious subjects, irrespective of the number of virtual presentations that the lecturers could provide. (Bassey 1968) Another problem that could arise is that all listeners cannot cope up with the pace of the lecturer and understand at the same speed. Some may be slow in understanding the concepts whereas

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech - Essay Example Obama, in 2008, had a plan to renew America by forcing penalties on poor and greedy corporate leaders, giving consumers housing-related tax credits, and create new regulations that make sure financial institutions do not take on high levels of risk, however, this renewal strategy has not been fully effective. Â  Obama saw that tighter regulation would prevent financial institutions from taking opportunities away from regular, middle-class citizens. He felt that a deregulated environment had been a reason to why investment companies and commercial banks took on far too much debt and there was no system in place to make sure they had enough capital reserves. This is because risky asset-backed securities and derivatives were off-balance sheet transactions. He wanted a crackdown on market manipulation that was causing many companies to experience fast drops in their stock values when short-sellers were using unethical methods to drive down stock prices for their own gain. Â  Obama also saw that building a type of best practice risk management system for banks and for the general economy would renew America. He sees that this change in risk management and a change of corporate leadership attitudes would reshape the economy for the 21st Century and give middle-class consumers more protection against another financial crisis. Many regular citizens lost their jobs and lost their wealth as a result of unregulated investment institutions and Obama saw renewal as a means of putting these stakeholders first. Â  He seems to see that the division between the wealthy and the less-advantaged is taking away the American dream. Therefore, by making sure that corporations and investment firms are held accountable for their actions, it will make sure that middle-class consumers can again seek the American dream without being victimized by an economy damaged by greed and poor government oversight.

Individual Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Employment Law - Case Study Example Several matters need to be taken into consideration regarding your current situation with filing an injunction against Brett your sales and marketing director. Employment law protects Brett as well as you so I advise you to carefully pursue the issue. Fraser Younson was quoted in the September 2 issue of Lawyers Weekly Magazine in an article about the rise in claims by employees against their firms, a relatively new issue in the British legal profession. Unfair or wrongful dismissal claims occur when firms to do follow the correct procedure made mandatory in legislation on October 1, 2004. "In some firms in particular, partners need to understand that they need to coach employees on an on-going basis, not just mention their shortcomings at appraisals," (Younsun) The major issue you have at hand is a no compete contract where the contract was an oral agreement. An oral agreement is legal and binding as long as consideration was present. In the case of consideration and your verbal agreement with Brett consideration was present but there are other matters at hand that must be taken into consideration. One of them is the time factor. As the agreement between Brett and yourself was never formally written up a date and the time limit on the agreement are difficult to determine at this time. The proof of the time is difficult to prove at this point. McDermott was recommended in Legal 500 Eur... egration following the acquisitions of two German companies, a varied and challenging mandate which required negotiations with trade unions and group works council on a mass redundancy program, and the establishment of a European works council." (Anthony) Essentially you had a no compete oral contract with Brett. Legal for such a contract should read: (a) Company Information. The Company will make available to the Independent Contractor certain Confidential Information of the Company, previously non-disclosed to him or her, which will enable him or her to optimize the performance of his or her duties to the Company. In exchange, the Independent Contractor agrees to use such Confidential Information solely for the Company's benefit. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Independent Contractor agrees that upon the expiration or termination of the Agreement, the Company shall have no obligation to provide or otherwise make available to the Independent Contractor any of its Confidential Information. "Confidential Information" means any Company proprietary information, technical data, trade secrets or know-how, including, but not limited to, research, product plans, products, services, customer lists and customers (including, but not limited to, customers of the Company on whom the Independent Contractor called or with whom her o r she became acquainted during the term of the contract), markets, software, developments, inventions, processes, formulas, technology, designs, drawings, engineering, hardware configuration information, marketing, finances or other business information disclosed to the Independent Contractor by the Company either directly or indirectly in writing, orally or by drawings or observation of parts or equipment. Confidential Information

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech - Essay Example Obama, in 2008, had a plan to renew America by forcing penalties on poor and greedy corporate leaders, giving consumers housing-related tax credits, and create new regulations that make sure financial institutions do not take on high levels of risk, however, this renewal strategy has not been fully effective. Â  Obama saw that tighter regulation would prevent financial institutions from taking opportunities away from regular, middle-class citizens. He felt that a deregulated environment had been a reason to why investment companies and commercial banks took on far too much debt and there was no system in place to make sure they had enough capital reserves. This is because risky asset-backed securities and derivatives were off-balance sheet transactions. He wanted a crackdown on market manipulation that was causing many companies to experience fast drops in their stock values when short-sellers were using unethical methods to drive down stock prices for their own gain. Â  Obama also saw that building a type of best practice risk management system for banks and for the general economy would renew America. He sees that this change in risk management and a change of corporate leadership attitudes would reshape the economy for the 21st Century and give middle-class consumers more protection against another financial crisis. Many regular citizens lost their jobs and lost their wealth as a result of unregulated investment institutions and Obama saw renewal as a means of putting these stakeholders first. Â  He seems to see that the division between the wealthy and the less-advantaged is taking away the American dream. Therefore, by making sure that corporations and investment firms are held accountable for their actions, it will make sure that middle-class consumers can again seek the American dream without being victimized by an economy damaged by greed and poor government oversight.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 19

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Majority of these stores are found in America, and the number is 12,218 stores. China is also a lucrative market for Starbucks, and the company has opened 1,330 stores. Starbucks offers products such as cold or hot beverage, coffee, pastries, snacks, etc (Pahl, 2008). This means that the company has diversified, and this is through the many services it offers. Initially, the main reason for the formation of Starbucks was to sale the coffee drink (Simon, 2009). This diversification strategy of Starbucks is also seen when the company decided to offer wines, beer and appetizers. The target markets of these products are people who want to relax in the evenings. Pahl (2008) explains that some of the products of Starbucks are found within a particular location, and this is mainly because it offers some services and products at specific seasons. These products have also been designed, to serve a specific market. Starbucks does not only sale its coffee, in its stores, but it also sales them at various retailing organizations, and grocery stores (Pahl, 2008). Through this strategy, it is the intention of Starbucks to reach a large market base. Organizational culture is generally the unique combination of values, norms, morals, beliefs, and techniques or ways of behavior that characterizes the way individuals or large groups of individuals combine to have things done in an organization (Gurski, 2013). Schultz & Gordon (2011) explains that organizational culture is the norms and activities that people are able to engage with, within the organization. Through this definition, we are able to know that organizational culture is the internal environment of an organization, which regulates then manner which people within the organization are able to interact with one another, and other stakeholders of then organization (Michelli, 2007). Culture is very important in every company, for example

Monday, October 14, 2019

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel